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=== 1. 抗原识别 (Signal 1) === ==== 1.1 ==== '''APC(抗原呈递细胞)''':吞噬/摄取抗原,并向 '''T细胞呈递MHC分子'''(signal 1),并提供'''共刺激分子 B7 (signal 2)'''。 '''TCR(T细胞表面)''':特异性识别 MHC 分子呈递的抗原肽,与 '''CD3复合体'''(CD3γ, δ, ε, ζ)组成 '''TCR复合体'''。 CD3ζ上的 '''ITAM (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs)''' 被磷酸化。 '''Lck'''(Src家族激酶)识别磷酸酪氨酸,激活'''ZAP-70'''(酪氨酸激酶),并进一步磷酸化'''LAT、SLP-76''',形成信号复合体,激活下游信号。 ==== 1.2 ==== '''PLC-γ1''' 促进 '''IP3''' → 促进 Ca²⁺ 释放,去磷酸化 '''NFAT''' → NFAT 入核;促进 '''DAG''' 激活 '''PKCθ''' → 激活 '''IKK复合体''' → '''NF-κB''' 入核。 '''Ras''' 促进 MAPK → ERK → AP-1。 '''NFAT、AP-1、NF-κB''' 协同启动 IL-2 等基因表达,推动增殖与效应功能。
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